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Blue Skin: Krishna in Indian Painting

Krishna is painted as a child stealing butter, a boy calling the cattle home, a lover waiting on a bed, a god dancing on a serpent’s hoods. Indian painters returned to him because his life supplied every register at once: comedy, erotic delay, violence and cosmology, in one blue figure. These paintings come from three different workshops, the Pahari and Rajput courts of the north and the pilgrim market of Kalighat in Kolkata, and the difference shows in everything from the gold to the paper. All are gum tempera, colour bound with plant gum and laid in flat areas, then polished.

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A tranquil, languid scene on a white marble terrace with a carpet, where Krishna takes the place of an earthly prince while an attendant stands by. Rajput Raghogarh, about 1680.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1680

Krishna Under a Canopy

A tranquil, languid scene on a white marble terrace with a carpet, where Krishna takes the place of an earthly prince while an attendant stands by. Rajput Raghogarh, about 1680.

2293 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Raghogarh, maker unknown · c. 1680
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2018.184. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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2293 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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In the forest where Krishna lived among the cowherds there was a pool of the Yamuna poisoned by the serpent Kaliya, and he subdues the snake by dancing on its hoods. Mewar, about 1710.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1710

Krishna Quells the Serpent Kaliya, from a Bhagavata Purana

In the forest where Krishna lived among the cowherds there was a pool of the Yamuna poisoned by the serpent Kaliya, and he subdues the snake by dancing on its hoods. Mewar, about 1710.

1972 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar, maker unknown · c. 1710
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2018.141. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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1972 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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Krishna worshipped under a pipal tree by a group of Shaivite devotees, identifiable by the horizontal marks on their foreheads: a sectarian image made for a shared devotional culture.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1720–25

Adoration of young Krishna

Krishna worshipped under a pipal tree by a group of Shaivite devotees, identifiable by the horizontal marks on their foreheads: a sectarian image made for a shared devotional culture.

2522 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1720–25
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2018.97. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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2522 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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Krishna reclines on a bed, alert, waiting for Radha, and ignores the two attendants holding fly-whisks. The wait is the subject, and the painting is about anticipation rather than arrival.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1750–60

Krishna Awaiting Radha

Krishna reclines on a bed, alert, waiting for Radha, and ignores the two attendants holding fly-whisks. The wait is the subject, and the painting is about anticipation rather than arrival.

2504 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1750–60
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.685. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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2504 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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As a child Krishna grew up among cowherds, marked as divine by his blue skin and his power over the herd. Here he calls the cows home, in a landscape of overlapping hills built like stage flats.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1780–90

Krishna summoning the cows

As a child Krishna grew up among cowherds, marked as divine by his blue skin and his power over the herd. Here he calls the cows home, in a landscape of overlapping hills built like stage flats.

3400 × 2795 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1780–90
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989.339. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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All the cowherd girls loved Krishna, and from the thirteenth century on Radha was his favourite. Here a companion persuades her to go to him, at the moment before the meeting.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1820–25

Sakhi persuades Radha to meet Krishna, from a Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) of Jayadeva

All the cowherd girls loved Krishna, and from the thirteenth century on Radha was his favourite. Here a companion persuades her to go to him, at the moment before the meeting.

3400 × 2675 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Purkhu (Indian, 1750–1860) · c. 1820–25
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989.334. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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3400 × 2675 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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From chapter 14 of book 10 of the Bhagavata Purana, in which Brahma hides the cowherds and calves of Krishna and returns them a year later. A narrative painting that carries its moral in the scale of the figures.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1830

Krishna returns with the cowherds to Braj, from a Bhagavata Purana

From chapter 14 of book 10 of the Bhagavata Purana, in which Brahma hides the cowherds and calves of Krishna and returns them a year later. A narrative painting that carries its moral in the scale of the figures.

3400 × 2351 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1830
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.301. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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3400 × 2351 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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At Holi the women dress Krishna in their own clothes and he joins the play. The festival licensed reckless joy and abandon, and the painting takes the licence seriously.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1790

Krishna being dressed in women’s clothes for the spring festival Holi

At Holi the women dress Krishna in their own clothes and he joins the play. The festival licensed reckless joy and abandon, and the painting takes the licence seriously.

3400 × 2361 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1790
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1933.453. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 2361 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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The men of Vraj cut up the oversized corpse of the demoness Putana, who tried to kill the infant Krishna and was killed by him. A devotional subject with real violence in the foreground.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1790

Cremation of the demon Putana, from a Krishna-Lila

The men of Vraj cut up the oversized corpse of the demoness Putana, who tried to kill the infant Krishna and was killed by him. A devotional subject with real violence in the foreground.

3400 × 2282 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1790
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.4. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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3400 × 2282 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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After Krishna raised Mount Govardhan to shelter the village from Indra’s storm, he began to play with the gopis in the Yamuna. Under a scorching sun, he and three women stand in the water.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1770

Krishna Playing with the Gopis in the Yamuna

After Krishna raised Mount Govardhan to shelter the village from Indra’s storm, he began to play with the gopis in the Yamuna. Under a scorching sun, he and three women stand in the water.

2475 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, maker unknown · c. 1770
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2018.118. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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2475 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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Vishnu took the form of Krishna to rid the earth of a wicked king who sent demons after the child. The crane-demon Bakasura is killed with a blow to the beak. Tirupati, late 1700s.

CC0 · Public domain · late 1700s

Krishna Vanquishing the Crane-Demon Bakasura

Vishnu took the form of Krishna to rid the earth of a wicked king who sent demons after the child. The crane-demon Bakasura is killed with a blow to the beak. Tirupati, late 1700s.

2395 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, maker unknown · late 1700s
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.29. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
2395 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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As a toddler in the cowherd village Krishna loved the dairy his parents tried to keep from him. The theft is theologically playful: god as a child with a sweet tooth.

CC0 · Public domain · late 1700s

Krishna Stealing Curds

As a toddler in the cowherd village Krishna loved the dairy his parents tried to keep from him. The theft is theologically playful: god as a child with a sweet tooth.

2396 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, maker unknown · late 1700s
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.28. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
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2396 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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Yashoda, who raised Krishna, churns milk into butter while he steals it. A Kalighat sheet from Kolkata, where painters worked for pilgrims and tourists rather than for courts.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1890

Yasoda with Krishna Churning Butter

Yashoda, who raised Krishna, churns milk into butter while he steals it. A Kalighat sheet from Kolkata, where painters worked for pilgrims and tourists rather than for courts.

2164 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Eastern India, Kolkata, Kalighat, maker unknown · c. 1890
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.160. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
2164 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
The serpent Kaliya poisoned the Yamuna where Krishna spent his youth, and he quells it by dancing on its heads. Kalighat, from a pilgrim album.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1890

Krishna quells the serpent Kaliya (verso), from a Kalighat album

The serpent Kaliya poisoned the Yamuna where Krishna spent his youth, and he quells it by dancing on its heads. Kalighat, from a pilgrim album.

2802 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Eastern India, Bengal, Kolkata, Kalighat, maker unknown · c. 1890
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.113.b. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
2802 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate

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