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Jade: Stone Ground to Pattern

Jade is harder than steel and cannot be carved, only ground, so every ridge on these objects was abraded away with quartz sand. The result is a material that holds light just under its surface and keeps the memory of a very slow process. These eleven pieces run from Neolithic Hongshan amulets and Shang ritual blades to a Qing vase whose free-hanging rings were cut from the same block, with an Olmec head and a Korean comma-shaped jade among them.

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A seated figure with a bovine head and four horns, drilled at the shoulders so it could be suspended. Hongshan jades of this kind are among the earliest sculptural objects in China.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 4700–2920 BCE

Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head

A seated figure with a bovine head and four horns, drilled at the shoulders so it could be suspended. Hongshan jades of this kind are among the earliest sculptural objects in China.

2302 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northeast China, Neolithic period, probably Hongshan culture (4700–2920 BCE), maker unknown · c. 4700–2920 BCE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1953.628. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
2302 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A blade with three perforations, its polish and thinness showing how much abrasion the stone would take. Jade is worked with quartz sand rather than carved.

CC0 · Public domain · 2000–1700 BCE

Ceremonial Blade with Three Perforations (Dao)

A blade with three perforations, its polish and thinness showing how much abrasion the stone would take. Jade is worked with quartz sand rather than carved.

3400 × 1297 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Northwest China, Neolithic period to Bronze Age, Qijia culture (2000–1700 BCE), maker unknown · 2000–1700 BCE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2009.83. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 1297 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
An axe with animal masks at the haft, made for ritual rather than use. Its form copies a bronze weapon in a material that could never have been swung.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1600–1050 BCE

Ceremonial Dagger-Axe with Animal Masks (Ge)

An axe with animal masks at the haft, made for ritual rather than use. Its form copies a bronze weapon in a material that could never have been swung.

3400 × 1719 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
China, Shang dynasty (c. 1600–c. 1046 BCE), maker unknown · c. 1600–1050 BCE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1983.2. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 1719 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A cylindrical tube inside a square outer section, one of the most imposing jade forms used in ancient rites. The Rites of Zhou describes the cong as the implement of earth.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 1600–1056 BCE

Ceremonial Tube (Cong)

A cylindrical tube inside a square outer section, one of the most imposing jade forms used in ancient rites. The Rites of Zhou describes the cong as the implement of earth.

2468 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
China, Shang dynasty (c. 1600–c. 1046 BCE), maker unknown · c. 1600–1056 BCE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1915.630. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
2468 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
Jade disks begin as plain Neolithic forms and acquire dense surface decoration over centuries. This one carries a raised grain pattern, its swelling lines cut to catch light.

CC0 · Public domain · 475–221 BCE

Ceremonial Disk with Grain Pattern (Bi)

Jade disks begin as plain Neolithic forms and acquire dense surface decoration over centuries. This one carries a raised grain pattern, its swelling lines cut to catch light.

3400 × 3094 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
China, Warring States period (475–221 BCE), maker unknown · 475–221 BCE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.567. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 3094 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
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2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A comma-shaped jade from the Three Kingdoms period, a form worn in Korea that likely descended from curved talismans. Jade is one of the hardest stones and required cutting, grinding and polishing.

CC0 · Public domain · 400s CE

Comma-shaped Jade

A comma-shaped jade from the Three Kingdoms period, a form worn in Korea that likely descended from curved talismans. Jade is one of the hardest stones and required cutting, grinding and polishing.

3400 × 3137 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Korea, Three Kingdoms period (57 BCE–668 CE), maker unknown · 400s CE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.1057. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 3137 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A jadeite head, perhaps from a seated or standing figure, carved with exceptional fineness. Olmec carving treats jade as a material with its own presence, keeping surfaces close to the body.

CC0 · Public domain · c. 900–300 BCE

Head Fragment

A jadeite head, perhaps from a seated or standing figure, carved with exceptional fineness. Olmec carving treats jade as a material with its own presence, keeping surfaces close to the body.

3400 × 3242 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
Mesoamerica, Mexico, Olmec, maker unknown · c. 900–300 BCE
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.31. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 3242 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A double peach with leaves and branch following the curve of the stone, a bat clinging to the edge. Peach and bat together make a rebus for long life and good fortune.

CC0 · Public domain · late 1600s–1700s

Peaches and Bats

A double peach with leaves and branch following the curve of the stone, a bat clinging to the edge. Peach and bat together make a rebus for long life and good fortune.

3400 × 3177 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
China, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), maker unknown · late 1600s–1700s
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.141. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 3177 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A square vase cut entirely from jade, imitating a ceramic or metal shape with a corded string at the shoulder. The rings hanging free of the body were carved from the same block.

CC0 · Public domain · 1700s

Vase in the Form of Archaic Hu

A square vase cut entirely from jade, imitating a ceramic or metal shape with a corded string at the shoulder. The rings hanging free of the body were carved from the same block.

3400 × 3365 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
China, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), maker unknown · 1700s
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.237. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 3365 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
Pale greenish-white jade carved with Daoist figures, made in Suzhou and sent north to the capital, where the best pieces sometimes received an imperial inscription.

CC0 · Public domain · 1736–95

Cup with Daoist Figures

Pale greenish-white jade carved with Daoist figures, made in Suzhou and sent north to the capital, where the best pieces sometimes received an imperial inscription.

3400 × 1897 px · Unmodified source file

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Creator / date
China, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Qianlong period (1736–95), maker unknown · 1736–95
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.510. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3400 × 1897 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate
A jade boulder carved as a mountain landscape, made to represent the search for paradise in the peaks. The brown markings of the stone are used as part of the scenery.

CC0 · Public domain · 1736–95

Miniature Mountain with Daoist Paradise

A jade boulder carved as a mountain landscape, made to represent the search for paradise in the peaks. The brown markings of the stone are used as part of the scenery.

3361 × 3400 px · Unmodified source file

Open in Studio
Source & licensing
Creator / date
China, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Qianlong reign (1736–95), maker unknown · 1736–95
Source credit
The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1941.594. Open Access.
Rights designation
CC0 · Public domain ↗
Usage notes
Released by the Cleveland Museum of Art under CC0 1.0. Credit to the museum is encouraged; CC0 does not imply endorsement.
Original file
3361 × 3400 px · JPG · 0.0 MB
Source checked
2026-11-04 · editorial approval separate

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